Comparative Analysis of Educational Needs and Residential Care Services for the Destitute Children in Private and Public Welfare Homes Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Keywords:
Mixed-Method, Social Protection, Destitute children, Public, Private, Residential care, Educational servicesAbstract
In Pakistan, deficient literature on residential care and educational services for destitute children raises concerns because child social protection is mostly ensured by families, and in the absence of families, these are provided by either public or private organizations. The objective of the study was to compare public and private residential care and educational services for destitute children in residential care homes. The symmetry of residential care services with indigenous familial services was analysed by using a convergent mixed-method research approach The Quantitative data was collected through a questionnaire from 274 children and qualitative data interviews were conducted with 5 staff members of the residential care institutes in Peshawar, Pakistan. The study found that public and private residential services are unique. Also, the service provided in the residential care institute was rated similar by children to their home setting, but staff members describe it as high quality. Hence, it was concluded that public and private organizations were providing similar kinds of services which were symmetrical to poor families' provisions. A more holistic comparison of different types of residential care with indigenous familial services may provide more insight into the problem..
References
Abdullah, F., Shahzad, M., Riaz, F., Fatima, S., & Abbasi, I. (2015). Socialization of children in Pakistan sweet homes, Islamabad: a holistic Perspective. Journal of Social Sciences-Pakistan, 1(5), 136–140.
Akram, M., Anjum, F., & Akram, N. (2015). Role of orphanages to uplift the socio-economic status of orphans focusing on SOS children’s villages in Punjab, Pakistan. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 6(3), 177–182.
Alam, A., & Sajid, I. A. (2021). Orphans’ satisfaction with education and developing skills training in the selected orphanages of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Society, Education, and Language, 7(2), 36–45.
Ali, M., & Muynck, A. De. (2005). Illness incidence and health seeking behavior among street children in rawalpindi and islamabad, pakistan–a qualitative study. Children’s Services in the Developing World, 31(5), 525–532.
Browne, K. (2009). The risk of harm to young children in institutional care. Save The Children. http://www.nottingham.edu.my/Social-Sciences/documents/TheRiskofHarm.pdf
Bukht, H., Qazi, H. J., Islam, Z., Farooq, S., Rizwan, B., Bashir, S., Shahid, M. Z., Hussain, M., & Tufail, T. (2020). Assessment of nutritional status and dietary patterns of orphans residing in different orphanages of Lahore , Pakistan. International Journal of Biosciences, 16(4), 19–33.
Cappa, C., Petrowski, N., Deliege, A., & Khan, M. R. (2022). Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies Monitoring the situation of children living in residential care : data gaps and innovations. Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies, 17(2), 110–118.
Castillo, J. T., Sarver, C. M., Bettmann, J. E., Mortensen, J., & Akuoko, K. (2012). Orphanage caregivers’ perceptions: The impact of organizational factors on the provision of services to orphans in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. Journal of Children and Poverty, 18(2), 141–160.
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design, qualitative quantitative and mixed methods approaches (4th ed.). Thousand Oakes.
Creswell, J. W., & Clark, V. L. P. (2017). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research. Sage publications,.
Davidson, J. C. (2010). Residential Care for Children and Young People : Priority Areas for Change. Child Abuse Review, 19(6), 405–422.
Dozier, M., Zeanah, C. H., Wallin, A. R., & Shauffer, C. (2012). Institutional care for young children: review of literature and policy implications. Social Issues and Policy Review, 6(1), 1–25.
Dutta, S. (2016). Children and Youth Services Review Institutional care in India: Investigating processes for social reintegration. Children and Youth Services Review, 66(1), 144–153.
Dybicz, P. (2005). Interventions for street children an analysis of current best practices. International Social Work, 48(6), 763–771.
Feroz, S., Shoukat, & Ali, S. (2020). Government’s Policy towards Orphanages in Mardan. The Discourse, 06(02), 109–125.
Frances, S. (2011). A Focus on Child Protection within Social Protection Systems: Transforming Children’s lives.
Greger, H. K., Myhre, A. K., Lydersen, S., & Jozefiak, T. (2016). Child maltreatment and quality of life : a study of adolescents in residential care. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 14(1), 1–17.
Groza, V., & Bunkers, K. M. (2017). Best Practices for Residential/ Institutional/ Group Care of Children: A Harm Reduction Framework. In Child Maltreatment in Residential Care: History, Research, and Current Practice (pp. 477–492). Sprinter, Cham.
Gunasekare, U. L. T. . (2015). Mixed Research Method as the Third Research Paradigm: A Literature Review. International Journal of Science and Research, 4(8), 361–367.
Hassan, S. M., Abbas, N., Ashiq, U., & Azam, A. (2020). “End Up on the Streets”: An Evidence-based Study on Street-begging and Poverty in Sialkot, Pakistan. Review of Education, Administration and Law, 3(2), 351-358. https://doi.org/10.47067/real.v3i2.74
Hong, Y., Chi, P., Li, X., Zhao, G., Zhao, J., Stanton, B., & Li, L. (2015). Community-based family-style group homes for children orphaned by AIDS in rural China: an ethnographic investigation. Health Policy and Planning, 30(7), 928–937.
Huefner, J. C. (2018). Children and Youth Services Review Crosswalk of published quality standards for residential care for children and adolescents. Children and Youth Services Review, 88, 267–273.
Jabeen, T. (2013). Social Work and social welfare in Pakistan: for the society but not from the society. Journal of Law and Society, 44(63), 43–57.
James, S., Thompson, R., Sternberg, N., Schnur, E., Ross, J., Butler, L., Triplett, D., Puett, L., & Muirhead, J. (2015). Attitudes , Perceptions , and Utilization of Evidence- Based Practices in Residential Care. Residential Treatment for Children & Youth, 32(2), 144–166.
Kamerman, S. B., & Gabel, S. G. (2006). Social protection for children and their families: A global overview. Social Protection Initiatives for Children, Women, and Families: An Analysis of Recent Experience, 1–40.
Khalid, A. (2014). An investigation of the effectiveness of support organisations (government and non government organisations) and processes in assisting Afghan youth working on the streets in Rawalpindi and Islamabad. University of Wollongong.
Khalid, A., & Hassan, S. M. (2020). Scope of Social Work Practice in Childcare Social Welfare Institutions: Policies, Practices and Problems. Journal of Business and Social Review in Emerging Economies, 6(2), 949–957.
Lassi, Z. S., Mahmud, S., Syed, E. U., & Janjua, N. Z. (2011). Behavioral problems among children living in orphanage facilities of Karachi, Pakistan: comparison of children in an SOS Village with those in conventional orphanages. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 46(1), 787–796.
Longfield, A. (2020). Children in institutional settings. The Lancet Child and Adolescent Health, 4(8), 563–565.
Lund, T. (2012). Combining qualitative and quantitative approaches: Some arguments for Mixed Methods research. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 56(2), 155–165.
Mahmood, A., Ullah, F., & Shah, S. F. H. S. (2020). Problems of Orphan Children in State-Sponsored Orphanages of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ), 4(1), 102–113.
Mathiti, V. (2006). The quality of life of “street children” accommodated at three shelters in pretoria: An exploratory study. Early Child Development and Care, 176(3–4), 253–269.
Mishra, R., & Sondhi, V. (2018). Fostering Resilience among Orphaned Adolescents through Institutional Care in India. Residential Treatment for Children & Youth, 36(4), 314–337.
Naqshbandi, M. M., Sehgal, R., Abdullah, R., & Hassan, F. (2012). Orphans in orphanages of Kashmir “and their Psychological problems.” International NGO Journal, 7(3), 55–63.
Nhep, R. (2021). Insights into the World of Privatized Faith-Based Residential Care Facilities in Myanmar.
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. (2019). Changing the Odds for Vulnerable Children: Bulding opertunities and reselience. OECD Publisher.
Petrowski, N., Cappa, C., Deliege, A., & Khan, M. R. (2022). Residential homes for children in Ghana: Compliance with standards, quality of care, and case management. Global Studies of Childhood, 12(1), 40–55.
Pillay, J. (2016). Factors leading to orphans and vulnerable children living in community-based homes. Journal of Psychology in Africa, 26(6), 558–561.
Pulla, V., Tarar, M. G., & Ali, A. (2018). Child protection system and challenges in Pakistan. Space and Culture, India, 5(3), 54–58.
Rehmatullah, S. (2002). Social Welfare in Pakistan. Oxford University Press.
Ryan, R. M., Kalil, A., & Leininger, L. (2009). Low-income mothers’ private Safety Nets and children’s socioemotional well-being. Journal of Marriage and Family, 71(1), 278–297.
Sanou, D., Turgeon-OBrien, H., Ouedraogo, S., & Desrosiers, T. (2008). Caring for orphans and vulnerable children in a context of poverty and cultural Transition : A case study of a group foster homes program in Burkina Faso. Journal of Children and Poverty, 14(2), 139–155.
Sayeed, A. (2004). Social protection in Pakistan: concept, situation analysis and the way forward By (No. 5; 1).
Schoonenboom, J., & Johnson, R. B. (2017). How to construct a Mixed Methods research design. Kolner Zeitschrift Fur Soziologie Und Sozialpsychologie, 69(2), 107–131.
Sellers, D. E., Smith, E. G., Izzo, C. V, Mccabe, L. A., & A.Nunno, M. (2020). Residential Treatment for Children & Youth Child Feelings of Safety in Residential Care : The Supporting Role of Adult-Child Relationships Child Feelings of Safety in Residential Care : The Supporting Role of Adult-Child Relationships. Residential Treatment for Children & Youth, 37(2), 136–155.
Shujaat, Q. (2015). The state of children in Pakistan. http://www.mohtasib.gov.pk/wafaqimoh/userfiles1/file/SOCP - Draft Option 01.pdf
Society for the Protection of the Rights of the Child. (2012). Surviving the streets a study of street children in Pakistan.
Tahir, A., Saud, S., Ali, A., & Ali, S. R. (2015). Situational analysis of orphans in orphanages: a case study of Al-Islah center in district Mardan. Pakistan Journal of Society, Education, and Language, 1(1), 29–37.
Teddlie, C., & Yu, F. (2007). Mixed Methods sampling: A typology with examples. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 1(1), 77–100.
Towe, V. L., Hasan, S. ul, Zafar, S. T., & Sherman, S. G. (2009). Street life and drug risk behaviors associated with exchanging sex among male street children in Lahore, Pakistan. Journal of Adolescent Health, 44(3), 222–228.
UNICEF, & Government of Pakistan. (2017). Situation of hildren in Pakistan. Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), 30 (1989)
United Nations Children Education Fund. (2021). Child poverty. In United Nation. https://www.unicef.org/social-policy/child-poverty
Whetten, K., Ostermann, J., Whetten, R. A., Pence, B. W., O’Donnell, K., Messer, L. C., & Thielman, N. M. (2009). A Comparison of the Wellbeing of Orphans and Abandoned Children Ages 6–12 in Institutional and Community-Based Care Settings in 5 Less Wealthy Nations. PLoS ONE, 4(12), e8169.
World Bank. (2020). 1 in 6 children lives in extreme poverty, World Bank-UNICEF analysis shows. World Bank. https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2020/10/20/1-in-6-children-lives-in-extreme-poverty-world-bank-unicef-analysis-shows
Wulczyn, F., Parolini, A., & Huhr, S. (2021). Human capital and child protection : A research framework in the CRC context. Child Abuse & Neglect, 119(P1), 104610.
Yamane, T. (1967). Statistics: An introductory analysis (2 (ed.). Harper and Row.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Authors
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Archives of Educational Studies (ARES), published by Department of Educational Studies, University of Okara, Pakistan is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
To view a copy of this license, visit: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
